UPS AND DOWNS IN SNAIL FARMING!

Friends and comrades,
I was long asked by my friends to address on the the Issue about the disadvantages of snail farming.
I have dismissed it for several months now, thinking that it was just a passing thing and not many people practiced snail farming.
I have received a message from my Nigerian Brother on the same issue, and I’m finally compelled to discuss with you on the disadvantages of snail farming.

What is Snail Farming?

Snail Farming or Heliciculture is the process of farming or raising edible terrestrial snails. "Escargot" most commonly refers to either Helix aspersa or to Helix pomatia, although other varieties of snails are eaten.

Disadvantages of snail farming
Climate
Without expensive artificial means of climate control, snail farming is restricted to the humid tropical forest zone, which offers a constant temperature, high relative humidity, preferably no dry season, and a fairly constant day/night rhythm throughout the year.
Cultural restrictions
Snail meat is considered a delicacy by some, whereas others will not
even touch it for religious or cultural reasons.
Growth
Snails are relatively slow-growing animals. Furthermore the consumable meat makes up only 40% (maximum!) of the snail's total live
weight. Consequently snail farming is not a way to make money quickly!
Snails as a pest
Snails that have escaped from a farm, or been dumped by a farmer,
may quickly develop into a serious pest in agriculture and horticulture.
For these reasons it must be emphasised that snail farming should be
seen as only one component in a diversified farming venture. However, with patience, good management and careful integration into
existing farming activities, snail farming can provide substantial
longer-term rewards.
Planning a snail farming venture
A sequence of five steps is suggested:
1 Plan (market, production, organisation)
2 Pilot production and sales
3 Go or no-go decision
4 Investment in facilities and know-how (cages/pens, finance, knowledge)
5 Upscaling (logistics, quality, financial control)
Prescriptions
The following chapters present prescriptions for the actual farming of
snails, e.g. suitable snail species, environment, housing, stock, feed
and health.
Caution:Before embarking on snail farming make sure you have a
market! This may seem self evident; but there are many examples of
cases in which giant African land snails (GALS) were introduced to
other parts of the world for farming, but were eventually dumped (or
allowed to escape) into the wild for lack of a market.
Once the snails have been introduced, dumped or allowed to escape,
they develop into a serious agricultural pest. Without any natural enemies they end up destroying a wide range of agricultural and/or horticultural crops and causing considerable economic damage. Achatina
fulicahas a particularly poor reputation in this respect.
Giant African snails are considered a delicacy by people accustomed
to consuming them, whereas other people, even within the same country, will not even touch, let alone eat them. For that reason, don't start
farming snails unless you are absolutely sure that someone will buy or eat them.
I’m pleading you my people, if you follow the necessary tips and guidelines for snail farming, you will prosper and our continent will prosper too.

Disciple should be adhered to all the key sectors of our economy. It’s not a witchcraft. If you still have doubts or questions to ask, please do it below by leaving your comment.

Free Recharge Mobile Latest trick for Android – Africa

Android is one of the best used mobile OS in our continent Africa. Every new phone bought each an everyday is android powered phone.
Untill now, most of the people have not learned about the new opportunities which can benefit us instead of wasting our time on social apps and site such as facebook and whatsapp. Today, I’m going to list some of the best android powered apps which you can earn some bucks from them. Try to install all of them and find out which is the best for you.

• Mcent:
mCent is one of the best and famous free talktime application. It is available for both web version and android app. mCent offers best rates in market as compare other free talktime application. Interface of this application good and easy to understand.
• Refer other and Earn 0.80 USD talktime for every referrer.
• Complete Offers, surveys. Install App and more on Avg you receive 0.24 USD.
• Minimum Redemption amount is 0.16 USD
• Sign up Bonus is 0.16 USD for New user.

• Earn Talktime:
Earn Talktime is also one of the best android application to earn free mobile recharge. Earn talktime also offer good amount for referring, completing offers and many other available tasks. You just need to sign up your mobile no to get started with this app. The Only limitation of this app is you can only make recharges of 0.32, 0.80 USD and 1.61 USD because they does not support manually amount recharge. But overall performance is best of this app.
• Refer Other friends and earn 0.16 USD per refer.
• Complete Tasks, Install Apps and many daily offers to earn more talktime.
• Sign up bonus is 0.32 USD only for user you download from below.

• Pocket Money:
• Pocket Money is another best android app based on free talktime concept. Pocket money is similar other apps and work as same like other apps.
• Refer other and earn 0.08 USD talktime
• Complete offer and task to earn extra recharge.
Enjoy the experience by installing and running them one by one. I found the three to be satisfying to me. Let me hear from you too.
Happy times.

HOW TO START YOUR OWN WORM FARMING STEP BY STEP

How to start your own worm farm

Is true that that farmers are getting rich? May be. The real true story is that lately, many people have got a lot of information within their hands. The power to be creative have made many including African youth to practice unique and specialized way of doing things.
Here is how go about beginning your own worm farming:
After buying your worms here are some of the easy useful tips to follow:
Step 1. Choose a container to your house your worms
You can buy a ready-made plastic worm
Farm or reuse old materials. Some ideas
Are foam boxes, a trunk or discarded
Barrel. You box should be approx 30cm
Deep, 60cm wide and 90cm long.
• Make holes in the bottom of one box
To let liquid drain and allow air to flow.
• Place the box containing holes over
Another box without holes and make
A tap in the bottom box to let the
Liquid out.
• Put an upturned ice-cream container
Or a brick in the bottom box. This will
Help any worms that fall through the
Holes to climb up into the upper box.
It will also form an island for the
Worms so they don't drown.
Step 2. Make the bedding
The best bedding materials are torn
Newspaper and cardboard, leaves,
Chopped up straw and other dead plants.
Be sure to wet the bedding - it must be
Moist like a wrung out sponge, then fill a
Layer about 10-15cm deep in the upper
Box.
Step 3. Add the worms
The best kind of earthworm to use is the
Red worm. These worms are incredible
Garbage eaters! They eat and expel their
Own weight every day, so even a small
Bin of red worms will yield large quantities
Of rich sweet-smelling compost.
When you add the worms they will
Quickly crawl down into the bedding as
They don't like light.

Step 4. Add the food waste
• Don’t add too much at once. Feed
Slowly and gradually build up the
Quantity. Place the scraps in a
Different spot each time to evenly
Distribute the food for the worms.
• Eggshells (crushed) will maintain the
Bedding at a safe pH level. Without
Them the bedding may become too
Acidic. A sprinkle of Lime every
Couple of weeks can also work.
Step 5. Cover the worm bed
• Cover the worm farm with newspaper
Or a piece of hessian. This will help
Keep a constant temperature in the
Worm farm.
• Add water to the box whenever it
Begins to get dry. It should be the
Consistency of a lightly squeezed
Sponge - if it is too wet the worms will
Die.
• Be sure to keep your worm farm out
Of hot sun and heavy rain.
Step 6. Harvest the worm
Castings
After a few months, your worm farm will
Be ready to harvest. There should be little
Or no original bedding visible in the bin
And the contents will be brown and
Earthy looking worm castings. To harvest
Your bin:

1. Move the contents of the bin to one
Side. Add fresh bedding and food to the
Vacant side. The worms will move from
The finished compost in search of food.
After a few days you should be able to
Remove the older, worm free compost.

2. Or dump the contents of the bin onto a
Large plastic sheet, and separate into
Small piles. Place a bright light above the
Sheet. The worms will move down away
From the light allowing you to collect the
Compost.

3. Always mix in some good compost or
Worm compost in a new bin, if you have it
— The bin starts decomposing food waste
Faster that way.

What to feed your worms:
•Fruit (except citrus)
•Vegetables (except onions)
•Coffee grounds and filter
•Tea bags
•Crushed egg shells
•Leaves
•Shredded paper

What do not feed your worms?
• Citrus fruits
• Oily foods
• Meat, poultry, fish
• Dairy foods
• Vinegar or salad dressings
• Plants from the onion family
(garlic, shallots, leek)

Wish you well as you focus in building a vibrant world and ending poverty. In Kenya for example, you can get the worms to buy from willing Farmers, you can attend major agricultural shows to get high lightened and get a network of other Farmers.
If you still have further questions, leave your comment below, we will get back as soon as possible.

HOW TO CONFIQURE WAMP, MAMP OR LAMP TO YOUR LOCALHOST QUICKLY

What is AMPPS ?

AMPPS is an easy to install software stack of Apache, Mysql, PHP, Perl, Python and Softaculous auto-installer that can be used on Desktops and office servers. 

AMPPS Features

A complete package on your desktop, same like the server that provides many open source web applications. 
Application Management,     Domain management, Database management, etc are provided in a secure environment to ease your development.

With Softaculous

Softaculous is ready for your desktops with AMPPS to boost your development. Like servers, now auto-installation is possible on your desktop too. 

 WAMP, MAMP OR LAMP  are wampserver, xamp similar softwares that you can confiqure so as you can edit or develop your site offline.

AMPPS Stack

AMPPS is a stack of the Apache Web Server, MySQL, PHP, Perl, Python and SOFTACULOUS. 

Databases

You can create multiple MySQL databases and manage them easily with phpMyAdmin. SQLite Management tools are also available in AMPPS.

Watch the videos below for detailed information: 

HOW TO FIX ALL BLACKBERRY ERRORS LATEST

Hi friends, 

It's me Chito, i'm going to tell you a quick and direct fix to your. It's actually pinching and sometimes when you see errors on your screen and you can't get access to your phones menu.

This is best solution and fix i found out for all BlackBerry phones:

step 1. first of all download the blackberry desktop software 7.0 on your pc and install wherever you want
step 2. then download the blackberry handheld software(remember please see your application version EX. 5.0.0.1036)
step 3. then open your desktop software and connect your phone with no battery or with battery(remember to make a backup of all your data before proceeding)
step 4. click on update and choose your handheld file you downloaded
step 5. then click next and do as according it is said
step 6. wait for some time it would take a longer time for the updating
step 7. when the updating is finished don’t unplug your phone from pc
step 8. as your phone reboots wait for the final updating
congo you have successfully updated your device and your problem has been solved
further if this problem occurs and you can again do these step and solve.

If you still have other problems please reply below, never loose hope if it persists, simply contact your blackberry center. Thank you ooh!

HOW TO RESTORE YOUR DATABASE FROM BACKUP USING MYSQL COMMANDS

What is MySQL

MySQL is the world’s most popular open-source database for the cost effective delivery of reliable, high-performance and scalable e-commerce and database system used with PHP.

The restore process consists of unarchiving your archived database dump, and importing it into your MySQL database.

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Assuming your backup is a .bz2 file, created using instructions similar to those given for Backing up your database using MySQL commands, the following steps will guide you through restoring your database:
1. Unzip your .bz2 file:

user@linux:~/files/blog> bzip2 -d blog.bak.sql.bz2

Note: If your database backup was a .tar.gz file called blog.bak.sql.tar.gz, then

tar -zxvf blog.bak.sql.tar.gz

is the command that should be used instead of the above.
2. Put the backed-up SQL back into MySQL:

user@linux:~/files/blog> mysql -h mysqlhostserver -u mysqlusername
-p databasename < blog.bak.sql

Enter password: (enter your mysql password)

user@linux~/files/blog:>

Thank You.

HOW TO RESTORE YOUR DATABASE FROM BACKUP USING PHPMYADMIN

What is phpMyAdmin?

phpMyAdmin is a free software tool written in PHP, intended to handle the administration of MySQL over the Web. phpMyAdmin supports a wide range of operations on MySQL, MariaDB and Drizzle. Frequently used operations (managing databases, tables, columns, relations, indexes, users, permissions, etc) can be performed via the user interface, while you still have the ability to directly execute any SQL statement.

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The program manipulates databases remotely through a web interface. A good hosting package will have this included. For information on backing up your Website database.
Information here has been tested using phpmyadmin 4.0.5 running on Unix.
Restore Process
Using phpMyAdmin, follow the steps below to restore a MySQL database.
1. Login to PhpMyAdmin.
2. Click "Databases" and select the database that you will be importing your data into.
3. You will then see either a list of tables already inside that database or a screen that says no tables exist. This depends on your setup.
4. Across the top of the screen will be a row of tabs. Click the Import tab.
5. On the next screen will be a location of text file box, and next to that a button named Browse.
6. Click Browse. Locate the backup file stored on your computer.
7. Make sure SQL is selected in the Format drop-down menu.
8. Click the Go button.
Now grab a coffee. This bit takes a while. Eventually you will see a success screen.
If you get an error message, your best bet is to post to the support forums like Website to get help.
PhpMyAdmin is also very deeply documented in a book written by one of the developers – Mastering phpMyAdmin for Effective MySQL Management, which is available in English and Spanish.
To ease usage to a wide range of people, phpMyAdmin is being translated into 72 languages and supports both LTR and RTL languages.
phpMyAdmin has won several awards. Among others, it was chosen as the best PHP application in various awards and has won every year the SourceForge.net Community Choice Awards as "Best Tool or Utility for SysAdmins".
phpMyAdmin is a sixteen-year-old project with a stable and flexible code base; you can find out more about the project and its history. When the project turned 15, we published a celebration page.
Hope to hear from you pals!

HOW TO BACKUP YOUR DATABASE USING CPANEL IN YOUR WEBHOST

What is a Database?

Database management systems (DBMSs) are computer software applications that interact with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases.

You May Also Read: HOW TO INSTALL AND BUILD YOUR WEBSITE OFFLINE WITH MAMP SOFTWARE


Process to Backup using cPanel X
cPanel is a popular control panel used by many web host. The backup feature can be used to backup your MySql database. Do not generate a full backup, as these are strictly for archival purposes and cannot be restored via cPanel. Look for 'Download a MySQL Database Backup' and click the name of the database. A *.gz file will be downloaded to your local drive.
There is no need to unzip this file to restore it. Using the same cPanel program, browse to the gz file and upload it. Once the upload is complete, the bottom of the browser will indicate dump complete. If you are uploading to a new host, you will need to recreate the database user along with the matching password. If you change the password, make the corresponding change in the configuration or settings file.

QUICK AND EASY MAMP SOFTWARE OFFLINE INSTALLATION TUTORIAL

What MAMP SOFTWARE Does?

MAMP SOFTWARE stands for Pcintosh, Apache, MySQL, and PHP. MAMP SOFTWARE is an application you can install on your Pc which allows you to have access to a local PHP server and MySQL server. Essentially, MAMP SOFTWARE gives you all of the tools you need to run Your Site on your Pchine, for development and testing purposes.

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What is Amps in comparison to mamps?

AMPPS is a cross platform AMP stack. It has MAMP, WAMP and LAMP stacks

How to connect the Software?

You can accomplish this in different ways, but the other ways aren't nearly as simple (see PcOS_X_Local_Mirror for the long, manual version of installing PHP and MySQL on your Pc).
Step 1: Installation of MAMP SOFTWARE Software
Before you can install MAMP SOFTWARE on your Pc, you'll need to download it from the MAMP SOFTWARE website. MAMP SOFTWARE requires that your Pc be running Pc later Os.
Once the MAMP SOFTWARE download is complete, double-click the MAMP SOFTWARE disk image (it should be something like MAMP SOFTWARE_2.0.3.dmg), and you should get a MAMP SOFTWARE window pop up. Drag the MAMP SOFTWARE folder (not MAMP SOFTWARE PRO - we'll save that walk-through for another time) to the Applications folder.
Step 2: Basic MAMP Settings
Now that you've got MAMP SOFTWARE installed on your system, launch MAMP SOFTWARE.app (located at /Applications/MAMP SOFTWARE/MAMP.app).
While you're editing settings, MAMP SOFTWARE might prompt you for an administrator password. This is required because MAMP SOFTWARE needs to run two processes: mysqld (MySQL) and httpd (Apache), and depending on the settings you set for those processes, you may or may not need to input your password.
Once you open MAMP SOFTWARE, click the Preferences button. Next, click over to "Ports." The default MAMP SOFTWARE ports are 8888 for Apache, and8889 for MySQL. If you use this configuration, you shouldn't get asked for your password, but you'd need to include the port number in the URL (localhost:8888). If you'd like to leave the port number out of the URL, change the Apache port to 80. The downside of using port 80 as your MAMP SOFTWARE Apache port is that you'll always be asked for your password.
On the PHP tab, select PHP version 5. The PHP minimum requirement for Your Site was raised to 5.2.4+ in version 3.2.
Lastly, on the Apache tab, you'll need to set a document root. This is where all of your files are going to be for your local web server. An example of a document root is /Users/USERNAME/Sites/Your Site/.
Once you're done editing all of the settings, hit OK to save them.

Thank You. Stay tuned for Later Information on the Site.

TOP 10 BEST SOUTH AFRICAN BOOKS YOU MUST READ

Twenty in 20:
THE BEST SHORT STORIES OF THE 20 YEARS OF SA DEMOCRACY -
Various authors
2. MEMOIRS OF A BORN FREE: REFLECTIONS ON THE RAINBOW NATION - Malaika Wa Azania

3. BROKEN MONSTERS - Lauren Beukes

4. THE VIOLENT GESTURES OF LIFE - Tshifhiwa Given Mukwevho

5. OSCAR: AN ACCIDENT WAITING TO HAPPEN - Melinda Ferguson & Patricia Taylor

6. THE TEXTURE OF SHADOWS - Mandla Langa

7. RACHEL'S BLUE - Zakes Mda

8. ARCTIC SUMMER - Damon Galgut

9. LONDON, CAPE TOWN, JOBURG - Zukiswa Wanner

10. I'M NOT YOUR WEEKEND SPECIAL: A TRIBUTE TO BRENDA FASSIE - Edited by Bongani Madondo

It is an honor to our friend Malaika wa Azania to be  placed on a list amongst established and critically acclaimed authors like Zakes Mda.
 Once again, we have seen new emergence of books worth to be read.

Bless!

Top 9 Most Trending and Influential Young Bloggers in Nigeria 2014

Blogging is most trending in African Countries. Many have come to see the power of blogging. This has been activated through plenty of local contents from the continent. Many African Youths especially from countries such as Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania, Ghana e.t.c have made attempt to venture into the Blogging sector.

For now I'm going to mention nine Nigerian youths in the watch:

No 9: Darlinton Omeh

 He is a Tech Entrepreneur based in Lagos. Founder of wealthresult.com. and contributor to Bizham.com

Best Qoute: “What you know determines what you'll become. But most of the times, people are enslaved by ignorance and those that knows, take home all the wealth and stay in comfort! That's why you rather be in the 'Know'”

He says, “You Can Build Something out of Nothing”

No 8: Don Caprio

He is a seasoned blogger and web designer. He owns one of the top ten most popular blogs in Nigeria, Doncaprio.com, which has become a brand on its own. Don offers helpful tips on blogging, coding, and tech. His blog has over 12,000 -20,000 newsletter subscribers and records several thousands of page views daily.

No 7: Jide Ogunsanya

Jide Ogunsanya owns Ogbongeblog.com, a blog popular  for its helpful tutorials on how newbies can start their online businesses and make money throgh internet. On his blog, Jide offers blogging tips, online business ideas, technology tips, and lots more. He is also a graduate student.

No 6: Bamidele Onibalusi

This “wonderkid” started blogging in 2009 at the prime age of under 18. Since then, he has been a successful freelance writer, producing content for high profile clients, and making thousands of dollars every month from freelance writing alone. On his blog, Bamidele Onibalusi shares proven success tips for freelance writers. He started withYoungprepro.com but recently changed the blog’s name to one that more closely reflects the scope of the blog, Writersincharge.com. 

No 5.  Chude Jideonwo

Chude Jideonwo is the CEO of RED media group. He owns YNaija.com (culled from “Young and Nigerian”), a blog has been nicknamed the “high priest of Nigerian culture.”

The youth-oriented blog has segments for daily news, politics, opinion, enterprise, TV, teen, and lots more.

No 4.  Loy Okezie

Being a graduate of Business Administration, Loy Okezie chose to carve a niche for himself in the technology world. His blog, Techloy.com is the best tech-related blog in Nigeria. The blog features authentic breaking news in the tech world, tech product reviews, and tech market trends, among many more. Loy Okezie started blogging in 2008, with startupsnigeria.com, but as the blog saw exponential development, Loy changed the name to “Techloy.”

No 3.  Mola Ogundele

Mola Ogundele is the founder of Notjustok.com, Nigeria’s best known online music brand. The blog features the hottest gist about the Nigerian music scene. 

No 2: Nmachi Jidenma

She is of no doubt,  She has firmly established herself in the blogging business, with her blog CP-Africa, which has become a domain for getting latest happenings in Nigeria and the African continent. “Celebrating Progress Africa”, which the acronym stands for, is the owner’s dream place of projecting the good side of Africa to the world.

As more and more get to know about the concept of this site, its popularity is sure to triple in 2013 and beyond. As a respected female blogger who started sharing her ideas on her Facebook wall in 2009, she later moved to Blogger platform and then to her current domain which now has PR5, Alexa 96,000; Domain authority of 49, More than 40,000 Facebook likes, and large number of  subscribers. And …………

No 1: 

 Jide Ogunsanya

This guy really deserves to be mentioned in this blog.

He is the young Microbiologist-turned-blogger, and the man in the pilot’s seat at Ogbongeblog, a multi niche blog with interest in writing blogging tutorials, media and money-making ideas. His knowledge of Java Programming has helped to position Ogbongeblog as a place to acquire some basic SEO skills.

Ogbongeblog is really pulling crowds especially amongst the youths in Nigeria, because of the special tutorials on blogging and internet related solutions it provides to readers. average Pageviews of 220,000 per month.

The Memories of Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere

This day on October 14, The Great African leader non other than Mwalimu left us. You remember his great lagcies?

Mwalimu was indeed a great leader. Below is the full bio of Mwalimu.

Best Qoute:

"We, in Africa, have no more need of being 'converted' to socialism than we have of being 'taught' democracy. Both are rooted in our past -- in the traditional society which produced us."
Julius Kambarage Nyerere, from his book Uhuru na Umoja (Freedom and Unity): Essays on Socialism, 1967. -

Brief Intro

Julius Kambarage Nyerere (April 13, 1922 - October 14, 1999) was President of Tanzania (previously Tanganyika), from the country's founding in 1964, until his retirement in 1985. Born in Tanganyika to a local Zanaki chief called Nyerere Burito, Julius Nyerere was known by the Swahili name Mwalimu, or "teacher," because of his profession before becoming active in politics. Nyerere was the first African head of state to retire voluntarily. He stepped down because he realized that his socialist policies of communal ownership of farms and state ownership of services were not working.

Under his Presidency,

 Tanzania slipped from being the largest exporter of food in Africa to the biggest importer of food. However, he made no attempt to cling to power or to influence his successors, who restored capitalism. Nyerere had wanted to make Tanzania self-reliant, free from indebtedness to former colonial powers or to the West. Like other leaders of former colonies, he saw colonialism and capitalism as responsible for the subjugation of their people. A devout Catholic, Nyerere often fasted and did not enrich himself at his nation's expense. 

His preferred dress, a Mao tunic, contrasted with the flamboyant uniforms worn by some of his contemporary heads of African states. While his policies may have proved disastrous for his country, few question his sincerity. Tanzania remains one of the poorest countries in the world, but its economy has grown since Nyerere's retirement, reaching 6 percent during 2006. While his economic policies are acknowledged as having failed, other policies succeeded. For example, under Nyerere literacy and health care "surpassed anything most African countries had achieved," thus, his legacy has been described as "rich and varied" and his intentions as always "noble." 

He also battled the International Monetary Fund over the issue of Third World debt, and created "a genuine national entity out of a hotch-potch of some 120 ethnic groups" which some consider to be his most "enduring achievement." Even after the failure of his socialist experiment, he retained, says a Guardian obituary, his "worldwide moral authority."

Education

Nyerere began attending Government Primary School, in Musoma, at the age of 12, where he completed the four-year program in three years and went on to Tabora Boys Government Secondary School. He received a scholarship to attend Makerere University (at that time it was the only tertiary education institution in East Africa), where he obtained a teaching diploma. He returned to Tanganyika and worked for three years at St. Mary’s Secondary School in Tabora, where he taught biology and English. In 1949, he got a scholarship to attend the University of Edinburgh (he was the first Tanzanian to study at a British university and only the second to gain a university degree outside Africa) where he obtained his Masters of Arts degree on economics and history in 1952. In Edinburgh, partly through his encounter with Fabian thinking, Nyerere began to develop his particular vision of connecting socialism with African communal living.

Political career
On his return to Tanganyika, Nyerere took a position teaching History, English, and Kiswahili at St. Francis’ College, near Dar es Salaam. It is at St. Francis’ College that he founded TANU. His political activities attracted the attention of the colonial authorities, and he was forced to make a choice between his political activities and teaching. 

He was reported as saying that he "was a schoolmaster by choice and a politician by accident." He resigned and continued with his work on his goal to bring a number of different nationalist factions into one grouping, which was achieved in 1954. Nyerere traveled throughout the country, speaking to common people and tribal chiefs, trying to garner support for the movement towards independence. He also spoke on behalf of TANU to the Trusteeship Council and Fourth Committee of the United Nations, in New York.

His oratory skills and integrity helped Nyerere achieve TANU's goal for an independent country without war or bloodshed. The cooperative British governor Sir Richard Turnbull was also a factor in the struggle for independence. Nyerere entered the Colonial Legislative council in 1958, and was elected chief minister in 1960. In 1961, Tanganyika was granted self-governance and Nyerere became its first Prime Minister on December 9, 1961. A year later, Nyerere was elected President of Tanganyika when it became a Republic. Nyerere was instrumental in the union between the islands of Zanzibar and the mainland Tanganyika to form Tanzania, after a 1964 coup in Zanzibar toppled Jamshid bin Abdullah, who was the Sultan of Zanzibar.

Government positions held
* 1954 A Founding Member of TANU
* 1958-1960 Member of the Legislative Assembly in the first elections in which Africans were allowed to vote
* 1958 Leader of the Opposition in Parliament
* 1960 Chief Minister of the first Internal Self-Government Administration
* 1961 Prime Minister of the first Government of Independent Tanganyika
* 1962 Elected President of Tanganyika when it became a Republic
* 1963-1970 Chancellor of the University of East Africa
* 1964-1985 President of the United Republic of Tanzania
* 1970-1985 Chancellor of University of Dar-es-Salaam
* 1977-1990 Chairman of Chama Cha Mapinduzi which was formed by a merger between TANU and the Afro-Shiraz Party of Zanzibar. CCM was born in Zanzibar on February 5, 1977.
* 1984-1985 Chancellor of Sokoine University of Agriculture
* 1985 Retired from Presidency

Economic policies
When in power, Nyerere implemented a socialist economic program (announced in the Arusha Declaration), establishing close ties with the China, and also introduced a policy of collectivization in the country's agricultural system, known as Ujamaa, or "familyhood." Nyerere believed that people truly become "persons" within community-starting with the family, then moving into an extended family, and from there into the wider community. Small scale village industry, similar to M. K. Gandhi's model, was ideal for Africa. Influenced by the Mahatma, Nyerere was awarded the Gandhi Peace Prize in 1995. Personhood leads to service to the community. Wealth would thus spread horizontally, not vertically. Although some of his policies can be characterized as socialist, many regard that Nyerere was first and foremost an African, and secondly a socialist. He was what is often called an African socialist.

Nyerere had tremendous faith in rural African people and their traditional values and ways of life. He believed that life should be structured around the ujamaa, or extended family found in traditional Africa. He believed that in these traditional villages, the state of ujamaa had existed before the arrival of imperialists. All that needed to be done was to return to this state and capitalism would be forgotten. He believed that this would be a true repudiation of capitalism, since his society would not rely on capitalism for its existence. 

This ujamaa system failed to boost agricultural output and by 1976, the end of the forced collectivization program, Tanzania went from the largest exporter of agricultural products in Africa to the largest importer of agricultural products in Africa. With the realization that the Tanzanian economy did not flourish, and being unwilling to lead Tanzania using an economic model he did not believe in, Nyerere willingly announced that he would retire after presidential elections in 1985, leaving the country to enter its free market era under the leadership of Ali Hassan Mwinyi.

Nyerere was instrumental in putting both Ali Hassan Mwinyi and Benjamin Mkapa in power. He remained the chairman of Chama Cha Mapinduzi (ruling party) for five years following his presidency until 1990, and is still recognized as the Father of the Nation. However, he did not interfere in his successors policies, which reversed many of his own.

Foreign policy
Nyerere was one of the African Leaders during the Pan-African movement that swept the continent in the 1960s. He was a larger-than-life person, a seemingly incorruptible individual and a committed Pan-africanist. Nyerere was also one of the founders of the Organization of African Unity in 1963. Nyerere provided a home for a number of African liberation movements including the African National Congress (ANC) and the Pan African Congress (PAC) of South Africa, FRELIMO when it sought to overthrow Portuguese rule in Mozambique, and ZANLA (and Robert Mugabe) in its struggle to unseat the white regime in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). 

From the mid-1970s, along with President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, he was an instigator and leader of the "Front Line States," which provided uncompromising support for the campaign for Black Majority Rule in South Africa. In 1979, he led Tanzania into war against Uganda, then under the dictatorship of Idi Amin, resulting in the defeat of Uganda and exile of Amin. However, Nyerere also instigated the 1977 coup d'etat that ousted the first president of the Seychelles, James Mancham, and replaced him with socialist France-Albert René, a move regarded to have set back development in the Seychelles for many years.

Nyerere's foreign policy overall emphasized neutrality in the Cold War, and under his leadership, Tanzania enjoyed friendly relations with both the West and the East.

Outside of Africa, Nyerere was a model to Walter Lini, Prime Minister of Vanuatu, whose theories on Melanesian socialism owed much to the ideas he found in Tanzania, which he visited. Lecturers inspired by Nyerere also taught at the University of Papua New Guinea in the 1980s, helping educated Melanesians familiarize themselves with his ideas.

After the Presidency
After the Presidency, Nyerere remained the Chairman of CCM until 1990, when Ali Hassan Mwinyi took over. Nyerere remained vocal about the extent of corruption and corrupt officials during the Ali Hassan Mwinyi administration. He also blocked Jakaya Kikwete's nomination for the presidency, citing that he was too young to run a country. Nyerere was instrumental in getting Benjamin Mkapa elected (Mkapa had been Minister of Foreign Affairs for a time during Nyerere's administration).

In one of his famous speeches during the CCM general assembly, Nyerere said in Swahili "Ninang'atuka," meaning that he was pulling out of politics for good. He moved back to his childhood home village of Butiama in western Tanzania. During his retirement, he continued to travel the world, meeting various heads of government as an advocate for poor countries and especially the South Center institution. Nyerere traveled more widely after retiring than he did when he was president of Tanzania. One of his last high-profile actions was as the chief mediator in the Burundi conflict in 1996. He died in a London hospital of leukemia on October 14, 1999.

Positions held after Presidency
* 1985-1990 Chairman of Chama Cha Mapinduzi
* 1987-1990 Chairman of the independent International South Commission
* 1990-1999 Chairman, South Center, Geneva & Dar es Salaam Offices

Legacy

Beatification inquiry
In January 2005, the Catholic diocese of Musoma opened a cause for the beatification of Julius Nyerere. Nyerere was a devout Catholic who attended Mass daily throughout his public life and was known for fasting frequently.

As African leader
The African Union, formerly the Organization of African Unity, which Nyerere was largely responsible for establishing, is increasingly taking on an important role in stabilizing the region, in peacekeeping and peace-building in collaboration with the United Nations. Nyerere's example of voluntary retirement from power has set a standard that few African heads of state have yet met. His strong opposition to Idi Amin's dictatorial regime in Uganda and his 1979 invasion, in retaliation for Amin's 1978 incursion into Tanzania, toppled the dictator to popular acclaim, setting an example of Africa policing Africa. 

In retirement, he continued to work for African unity and also to resolve conflicts, including the civil war in Burundi and to find ways of lessening the rich-poor gap between the developed and developing nations of the world, chairing the South Commission. Despite the failure of his economic policies, he remained convinced that socialism was the right direction for poor countries to take. His modest lifestyle added to his moral authority. He was untainted by scandal or by charges of corruption. Family was central to his concerns. He married Maria Magige in 1953. They had five sons and two daughters. In addition to political writings, he translated two Shakespearean plays into Swahili.

Awards
* Nehru Award for International Understanding, 1976
* Third World Prize, 1982
* Nansen Medal for outstanding services to Refugees, 1983
* Lenin Peace Prize, 1987
* International Simón Bolívar Prize, 1992