How to Sign Out from Sessions on Google Gmail Account

It is good to know all the activities going on through your google accounts.
You never know who might maliciously get into your account at any
time. Most of the time, there is a password autosave feature in most
of the browsers we use.
We mostly know the logout feature without having concern on the other
part of it.
Okay, i have got a trick to make you safe from now on. Gmail is all in
one account provided by google to ease what we do online. And it is
your duty to take care your right to privacy and safety.
Below is a step by step procedure to Sign Out from Sessions on Google
Gmail Account:
step 1:
log into your GMAIL ACCOUNT.
If it appears in mobile version, switch to classical or desktop mode.
Step 2:
scroll to the bottom of it, you will see 'Last account activity: x
minutes ago on this computer. Details.
Then click on details.
Step 3:

Successfully signed out of all other sessions.
Note: Users can log in again, if they know your password or have it
saved on their computer. If you're concerned about someone using your
account without your permission, please change your password.

Android Tutorial Lesson 6 - Arena

What is involved in releasing the source code for a new
Android version?
Releasing the source code for a new version of the Android
platform is a significant process. First, the software gets
built into a system image for a device, and put through
various forms of certification, including government
regulatory certification for the regions the phones will be
deployed. It also goes through operator testing. This is an
important phase of the process, since it helps shake out a
lot of software bugs.
Once the release is approved by the regulators and
operators, the manufacturer begins mass producing
devices, and we turn to releasing the source code.
Simultaneous to mass production the Google team kicks
off several efforts to prepare the open source release.
These efforts include final API changes and documentation
(to reflect any changes that were made during qualification
testing, for example), preparing an SDK for the new version,
and launching the platform compatibility information.
Also included is a final legal sign-off to release the code
into open source.
Just as open source contributors are
required to sign a Contributors License Agreement attesting
to their IP ownership of their contribution, Google too must
verify that it is clear to make contributions.
Starting at the time mass production begins, the software
release process usually takes around a month, which often
roughly places source code releases around the same time
that the devices reach users.
How does the AOSP relate to the Android Compatibility
Program?
The Android Open-Source Project maintains the Android
software, and develops new versions. Since it's open-
source, this software can be used for any purpose,
including to ship devices that are not compatible with other
devices based on the same source.
The function of the Android Compatibility Program is to
define a baseline implementation of Android that is
compatible with third-party apps written by developers.
Devices that are "Android compatible" may participate in
the Android ecosystem, including Android Market; devices
that don't meet the compatibility requirements exist outside
that ecosystem.
In other words, the Android Compatibility Program is how
we separate "Android compatible devices" from devices
that merely run derivatives of the source code. We
welcome all uses of the Android source code, but only
Android compatible devices — as defined and tested by the
Android Compatibility Program — may participate in the
Android ecosystem.
How can I contribute to Android?
There are a number of ways you can contribute to Android.
You can report bugs, write apps for Android, or contribute
source code to the Android Open-Source Project.
There are some limits on the kinds of code contributions
we are willing or able to accept. For instance, someone
might want to contribute an alternative application API,
such as a full C++-based environment. We would decline
that contribution, since Android is focused on applications
that run in the Dalvik VM. Alternatively, we won't accept
contributions such as GPL or LGPL libraries that are
incompatible with our licensing goals.
We encourage those interested in contributing source code
to contact us via the AOSP Community page prior to
beginning any work. You can find more information on this
topic at the Getting Involved page.
How do I become an Android committer?
The Android Open Source Project doesn't really have a
notion of a "committer". All contributions — including those
authored by Google employees — go through a web-based
system known as "gerrit" that's part of the Android
engineering process. This system works in tandem with the
git source code management system to cleanly manage
source code contributions.
Once submitted, changes need to be accepted by a
designated Approver. Approvers are typically Google
employees, but the same approvers are responsible for all
submissions, regardless of origin.
You can find more information on this topic at the
Submitting Patches page.
Compatibility
What does "compatibility"mean?
We define an "Android compatible" device as one that can
run any application written by third-party developers using
the Android SDK and NDK. We use this as a filter to
separate devices that can participate in the Android app
ecosystem, and those that cannot. Devices that are
properly compatible can seek approval to use the Android
trademark.
Devices that are not compatible are merely
derived from the Android source code and may not use the
Android trademark.
In other words, compatibility is a prerequisite to participate
in the Android apps ecosystem. Anyone is welcome to use
the Android source code, but if the device isn't compatible,
it's not considered part of the Android ecosystem.

Lesson 4 - How is the Android Software Developed

How is the Android software developed?
Each platform version of Android (such as 1.5, 1.6, and so

on) has a corresponding branch in the open-source tree. At
any given moment, the most recent such branch will be
considered the "current stable" branch version. This
current stable branch is the one that manufacturers port to
their devices. This branch is kept suitable for release at all
times.
Simultaneously,there is also a "current experimental"
branch, which is where speculative contributions, such as
large next-generationfeatures, are developed. Bug fixes
and other contributions can be included in the current
stable branch from the experimental branch as
appropriate.
Finally, Google works on the next version of the Android
platform in tandem with developing a flagship device. This
branch pulls in changes from the experimental and stable
branches as appropriate.
You can find more information on this topic at our
Branches and Releases.
Why are parts of Android developed in private?
It typically takes over a year to bring a device to market,
but of course device manufacturers want to ship the latest
software they can. Developers, meanwhile, don't want to
have to constantly track new versions of the platform when
writing apps. Both groups experience a tension between
shipping products, and not wanting to fall behind.
To address this, some parts of the next version of Android
including the core platform APIs are developed in a private
branch. These APIs constitute the next version of Android.
Our aim is to focus attention on the current stable version
of the Android source code, while we create the next
version of the platform as driven by flagship Android
devices. This allows developers and OEMs to focus on a
single version without having to track unfinished future
work just to keep up. Other parts of the Android system
that aren't related to application compatibility are
developed in the open, however. It's our intention to move
more of these parts to open development over time.
When are source code releases made?
When they are ready. Some parts of Android are developed
in the open, so that source code is always available.
Other
parts are developed first in a private tree, and that source
code is released when the next platform version is ready.
In some releases, core platform APIs will be ready far
enough in advance that we can push the source code out
for an early look in advance of the device's release;
however in others, this isn't possible. In all cases, we
release the platform source when we feel the version has
stabilized enough, and when the development process
permits. Releasing the source code is a fairly complex
process.

Android Tutorial Lesson 4 - Arena

How to select more than one option from list in android
xml file?
Give an example.
Specify android id, layout height and width as depicted in
the following example.
What languages does Android support for application
development?
Android applications are written using the Java
programming language.
Describe Android Application Architecture.
Android Application Architecture has the following
components:
• Services – like Network Operation
• Intent - To perform inter-communication between
activities or services
• Resource Externalization- such as strings and graphics
• Notification signaling users - light, sound, icon,
notification, dialog etc.
• Content Providers - They share data between applications
Common Tricky questions
Remember that the GUI layer doesn't request data
directly from the web; data is always loaded from a local
database.
The service layer periodically updates the local
database.
What is the risk in blocking the Main thread when
performing a lengthy operation such as web access or
heavy computation? Application_Not_Responding
exception will be thrown which will crash and restart the
application.
Why is List View not recommended to have active
components? Clicking on the active text box will pop up the
software keyboard but this will resize the list, removing
focus from the clicked element.
Open Source
What is the Android Open Source Project?
We use the phrase "Android Open Source Project" or
"AOSP" to refer to the people, the processes, and the
source code that make up Android.
The people oversee the project and develop the actual
source code.
The processes refer to the tools and
procedures we use to manage the development of the
software.
The net result is the source code that you can
use to build cell phone and other devices.
Why did we open the Android source code?
Google started the Android project in response to our own
experiences launching mobile apps. We wanted to make
sure that there would always be an open platform available
for carriers, OEMs, and developers to use to make their
innovative ideas a reality.
We also wanted to make sure
that there was no central point of failure, so that no single
industry player could restrict or control the innovations of
any other.
The single most important goal of the Android
Open-Source Project (AOSP) is to make sure that the open-
source Android software is implemented as widely and
compatibly as possible, to everyone's benefit.
You can find more information on this topic at our Project
Philosophy page.
What kind of open-source project is Android?
Google oversees the development of the core Android
open-source platform, and works to create robust
developer and user communities. For the most part the
Android source code is licensed under the permissive
Apache Software License 2.0, rather than a "copyleft"
license.
The main reason for this is because our most
important goal is widespread adoption of the software, and
we believe that the ASL2.0 license best achieves that goal.
You can find more information on this topic at our Project
Philosophy and Licensing pages.
Why is Google in charge of Android?
Launching a software platform is complex. Openness is
vital to the long-term success of a platform, since
openness is required to attract investment from developers
and ensure a level playing field. However, the platform
itself must also be a compelling product to end users.
That's why Google has committed the professional
engineering resources necessary to ensure that Android is
a fully competitive software platform. Google treats the
Android project as a full-scale product development
operation, and strikes the business deals necessary to
make sure that great devices running Android actually
make it to market.
By making sure that Android is a success with end users,
we help ensure the vitality of Android as a platform, and as
an open-source project. After all, who wants the source
code to an unsuccessful product?
Google's goal is to ensure a successful ecosystem around
Android, but no one is required to participate, of course.
We
opened the Android source code so anyone can modify and
distribute the software to meet their own needs.
What is Google's overall strategy for Android product
development?
We focus on releasing great devices into a competitive
marketplace, and then incorporate the innovations and
enhancements we made into the core platform, as the next
version.
In practice, this means that the Android engineering team
typically focuses on a small number of "flagship" devices,
and develops the next version of the Android software to
support those product launches. These flagship devices
absorb much of the product risk and blaze a trail for the
broad OEM community, who follow up with many more
devices that take advantage of the new features.
In this
way, we make sure that the Android platform evolves
according to the actual needs of real-world devices.

How To Avoid Being Tracked On The Internet 2015.

From my last post on how to delete your web browsing search data, i
also considered to make this post to guide over internet security.
It's a good idea to avoid using the same website for both your
web-based email and as your search engine.

Web email accounts will
always require some type of a login, so if you use the same site as
your search engine, your searches can be connected to your email
account. By using different websites for different needs -- perhaps
Yahoo for your email and Google for your searches -- you can help
limit the total amount of information retained by any one site.
log out of your email and clear your browser's cookies before going to
other sites, so that your searches and browsing are not connected to
your email address.
Use a different browser for your email account than for your searches
and web browsing.
Avoid downloading search engine toolbars (for example, the Google
toolbar or Yahoo toolbar). Toolbars may permit the collection of
information about your web surfing habits.
Google combines information about you from most of its services,
including its search engine, Gmail, and YouTube. Be sure to disable
automatic sign-ins.
Be sure to clear your browser's cache and cookies.

Cookies.
When you visit different websites, many of the sites deposit data
about your visit, called "cookies," on your hard drive. Cookies are
pieces of information s
ent by a web server to a user's browser.
The web server may use the cookie to customize the display it sends to
the user, or it may keep track of the different pages within the site
that the user accesses.
Ghostery is a browser tool that scans webpages for trackers (including
cookies) and notifies you of the companies whose code is present on
the page you are visiting. Ghostery is available at
.

Flash cookies.
Many websites utilize a type of cookie called a "flash cookie"
(sometimes also called a "supercookie") that is more persistent than a
regular cookie.
Normal procedures for erasing standard cookies, clearing history,
erasing the cache, or choosing a delete private data option within the
browser will not affect flash cookies.
Flash cookies thus may persist despite user efforts to delete all
cookies. They cannot be deleted by any commercially available
anti-spyware or adware removal program.

Fingerprinting. A device fingerprint (or machine fingerprint) is a
summary of the software and hardware settings collected from a
computer or other device. Each device has a different clock setting,
fonts, software and other characteristics that make it unique. When
you go online, your device broadcasts these details, which can be
collected and pieced together to form a unique "fingerprint" for that
particular device. That fingerprint can then be assigned an
identifying number, and used for similar purposes as a cookie.
Fingerprinting could eventually replace the cookie as the primary
means of tracking.
Tracking companies are embracing fingerprinting because it is tougher
to block than cookies.
Cookies are subject to deletion and expiration, and are rendered
useless if a user decides to switch to a new browser
Fingerprints leave no evidence on a user's computer. Therefore, it is
impossible for you to know when you are being tracked by
fingerprinting.

Using Mobile Apps
If you use a smartphone or other mobile device to access the Internet,
chances are that you may be using mobile applications (apps) rather
than an Internet browser for many online activities. The apps can
collect all sorts of data and transmit it to the app-maker and/or
third-party advertisers. This data may then be shared or sold.
When you install an app, you are allowing it to access certain data on
your phone.
However, many mobile apps do not have privacy policies, and when they
do, they are often dense with legalese, lengthy, and difficult to read
on devices with smaller screens.
Some of the data points that an app may access from your smartphone or
mobile device include:
your phone and email contacts
call logs
internet data
calendar data
data about the device's location
the device's unique IDs
information about how you use the app itself
Many apps track your location. There are location-based services like
Yelp and Foursquare that need your location in order to function
properly. However, there are also apps (such as a simple flashlight)
that do not need your location to function and yet still track it.
Smartphones and other mobile devices may ask you for specific
permissions when you install an app.

Instant messaging (IM)
Virtually all IM programs have the ability to archive and the IM
program may automatically turn this feature on. Archiving IM
conversations simply means saving the conversation in a text file just
like you would any other file.
Some of these IM programs automatically save your chats unless you
select otherwise.
IM has become a new target for spammers. "Spim," usually involves
get-rich-quick scams or pornography. Often the spimmer will include a
link in the message, which could cause spyware to be installed on your
computer if you click on the link. You can reduce your exposure to
spim by adjusting your IM account to only allow messages from
specified people.

Social networking
Online social networks are websites that allow users to build
connections and relationships to other Internet users.
Although you may post a picture or comment online that is intended to
be seen only by friends, it can be difficult to control re-use of that
information by others. By adjusting the privacy settings on your
social networking sites to the highest privacy level, you may be able
to limit the amount of information leaked for secondary uses.
Identity thieves, scam artists, debt collectors, stalkers, and
corporations looking for a market advantage are using social networks
to gather information about consumers.
Companies that operate social networks are themselves collecting a
variety of data about their users, both to personalize the services
for the users and to sell to advertisers.

Blogging
Web logs, or "blogs," are journals (or newsletters) that are
frequently updated and intended for general public consumption.
Depending on the service you use to post your blog, your private
information may be available. Generally blog services will allow you
at least some control over how much personal information you make
public.
Most blogs also allow comments by readers. Although some allow you to
comment anonymously, others require registration and at least an
e-mail address. Consider carefully how much information you're willing
to give and if you want your personal information linked to your
comments or posts forever.
There have been reports of employers firing employees for blogging.
The content does not even necessarily have to be about the employer.

Using online banking services
Most banks and other financial institutions use a system of passwords
and encryption to safeguard your information. Be sure to use a
different password for online banking (and for any other online
financial accounts) than you use on any other website. Make sure that
your password is random and cannot be easily guessed.
Make sure that any device used for managing your financial account has
an up-to-date operating system, firewall, and software (Including
antivirus and anti-malware programs). Otherwise, your login
credentials could be stolen.
When managing your financial accounts online, be careful that you are
giving your information to the proper institution. Many fraudulent
sites have been set up to look like the real thing. Beware of
"phishing" e-mails, which typically ask you to update your account
information, but are really looking to steal your personal
information. Never respond to unsolicited requests for passwords or
account numbers, no matter how realistic they look.

Consumer (but not business) bank accounts generally are protected by
the Electronic Funds Transfer Act, which limits consumer losses for
online theft to $50, as long as the consumer reports the loss within
60 days after the fraudulent transfer appears on the statement.
2: How Others Get Information about You Online

Marketing
The Internet can be useful to businesses for marketing purposes.
Through the Internet, businesses can sell and communicate with
customers. The Internet also allows businesses to identify and learn
about their customer base.
Additionally, many customers expect that a company they interact with
in the physical world will also have an online presence. What
consumers may not be aware of is how all of these purposes interact.
When a business meets your need of having a website with store hours
and directions, it may also meets its need of determining how many
customers may want to go to a particular store branch.

Web bugs. Many websites use Web bugs to track who is viewing their
pages. A Web bug (also known as a tracking bug, pixel tag, Web
beacon, or clear gif) is a graphic in a website or a graphic-enabled
e-mail message. The Web bug can confirm when the message or page is
viewed and record the IP address of the viewer.

Online Privacy Tip: You can defeat e-mail Web bugs by reading your
e-mail while offline, an option on most e-mail programs. Some e-mail
systems avoid Web bugs by blocking images that have URLs embedded in
them. You might have seen the message "To protect your privacy,
portions of this e-mail have not been downloaded." This message
refers to Web bugs. You can choose to allow these images to be
downloaded, but they likely contain Web bugs.

Direct marketing. Consumers may notice that online newspapers and
other businesses have boxes asking you if the site can save your
account information for future transactions. Whether it asks you for
permission to save your information or not, you can bet that your
information is being stored and used by the marketing department.
Companies engaged in behavioral targeting routinely monitor
individuals, the searches they make, the pages they visit, the content
they view, their interactions on social networking sites, and the
products and services they purchase.
When consumers are using mobile devices, even their physical location
may be tracked. This data may be compiled, analyzed, and combined with
information from offline sources to create even more detailed
profiles.
Marketers can then use this information to serve advertisements to a
consumer based on his or her behavioral record. Ads may be displayed
based upon an individual's web-browsing behavior, such as the pages
they have visited or the searches they have made. Advertisers believe
that this may help them deliver their online advertisements to the
users who are most likely to be influenced by them.

Behavioral information can be used on its own or in conjunction with
other forms of targeting based on factors like geography or
demographics. Marketers have developed an array of sophisticated data
collection and profiling tools which monitor and analyze our online
activity.

BLESS!